A Rapid Review of Extended Reality Solutions for UK Undergraduate  Clinical Skills

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Published: Apr 1, 2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5750/jmer.v5i1.2301
Keywords:
Augmented Reality Clinical Skills Extended Reality Mixed Reality Virtual Reality

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Toby Jackman
University of Exeter, Knowledge Spa, Treliske, Truro, TR1 3HD, United  Kingdom

Abstract

Introduction: Extended Reality (XR) combines the physical world with a computer-generated one, across a reality-virtuality continuum. There is good evidence that XR can promote learning, with reasonable evidence for improving healthcare learner knowledge, moderate evidence for changing healthcare learner attitudes, and less good evidence for improving healthcare learner performance, including performance of clinical skills. The General Medical Council mandates competence in 23 procedural skills and additional wider clinical skills for UK medical undergraduates.
Methods: We undertook a rapid review to identify XR solutions which may improve clinical skills performance.
Results: Four databases were searched for relevant articles, yielding 7167 records, of which 41 studies were included in the review. Data were extracted on study population, intervention, comparator, and outcome. 22 studies were included in the narrative synthesis.
Conclusions: Recommendations were made for pilot implementation of XR solutions in UK undergraduate clinical skills curricula, and the next steps required to assess their impact.

Article Details

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Vol. 5 No. 1 (2025)
Section
Articles
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

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